Last update: 2025-03-21
Niccolò Machiavelli’s The Art of War (Machiavelli, 2021), written between 1519 and 1521, is a treatise on military strategy emphasizing the importance of citizen armies and their discipline, training, and civic virtue. Structured as a dialogue, it contrasts citizen armies with mercenaries, arguing that the former are more effective due to patriotism and loyalty. Training and discipline are crucial for military success, and preparation and continuous practice ensure adaptability and order during war. Effective leadership inspires loyalty, manages resources, and maintains morale, while decisive and rational decisions are essential during battle. Strategy and tactics play a vital role in achieving military objectives.
The treatise covers tactical formations and strategies for winning battles. Machiavelli emphasizes understanding terrain, surprise, and adapting tactics based on circumstances.
Knowledge and preparation are crucial. A successful general must study war and history. Being prepared allows prediction and strategic decisions.
Fortifications play a defensive role in warfare. A strong defence, especially in key locations, can preserve state stability.
Machiavelli’s The Art of War is a foundational work in military theory. It highlights the importance of a well-trained citizen army, effective leadership, and strategic thinking.
Machiavelli emphasizes the inseparability of military and political power. A state should defend itself through its citizens, not external mercenaries. Pragmatic, flexible strategies based on sound knowledge and historical lessons are essential.
Also 2025-03-21: Niccolo Machiavelli & 2025-03-21: The Prince